Dr Schwartz and his team coaxed embryonic stem cells to become retinal pigment epithelium tissue which supports the rod and cone cells that actually respond to light

他的团队诱导胚胎干细胞成为视网膜素上皮组织细胞－其中的杆细胞及锥晶细胞对光线敏感。

Our eyes detect color by a specialized cone cell.

我们的眼睛通过一种特殊的视锥细胞来感知颜。

As NASA explains, even when 99 percent of the sun's surface is covered, the 1 percent that sneaks out around the edges is enough to damage the rod and cone cells in your retinas.

正如 NASA 所解释的，即使太阳表面的 99%被遮挡，仍有 1%的阳光从边，足以损害视网膜上的杆细胞和锥细胞。

The limit to our vision doesn't come from being able to bring things into focus; it's because the cone cells on our retina are only packed so close together.

人类视力的极限其实是源于聚焦的难度，而是视网膜上的锥状细胞密度的极限。

Humans have trichromatic vision, meaning we have three cone cells in our retinas, each which are sensitive to different wavelengths of light: blue, green or red.

人类具有视觉，这意味着我们的视网膜中有个锥形细胞，每个细胞对同波长的光敏感：分别是蓝，绿或红。

There are three types of cone cell in the human eye.

人眼有种视锥细胞。

The cone cells in your eyes overlap in the wavelengths they detect.

你眼睛里的视锥细胞在它们探测到的波长上重叠。

There's a cluster of four cone cells, packed just like bubbles are.

这里有四个视锥细胞，像气泡一样排列在一起。

Humans have three kinds of cone cells.

人类拥有种视锥细胞。

Whereas our normal, bright-light photopic vision is produced by three types of color-sensitive cone cells, dark scotopic vision is produced by the eye's rod cells, which are great at sensing something's brightness, but can't discriminate different colors.

我们正常的亮光视觉是由种对颜敏感的视锥细胞产生的，而暗视觉是由眼睛的杆状细胞产生的，它们非常擅长感知事物的亮度，但能区分同的颜。

When light rays strike the retina, they're captured by photoreceptor cells like rod cells, which are involved in night vision, and cone cells that enable colour vision, among other things.

当光线射到视网膜时，会被感光细胞捕捉，其中包括参与夜间视觉的视杆细胞和赋予彩视觉的视锥细胞等。

Most jumping spiders, including this one, are dichromats, meaning they have two types of color-sensitive cone cells in their retinas, just like dogs and most other mammals.

多数跳蛛， 包括这只在内，都是二视者， 意味着它们的视网膜中拥有两种对颜敏感的视锥细胞，这与狗及大多数其他哺乳动物相似。

Humans have trichromatic vision, meaning we have three cone cells in our retinas, each which are sensitive to different wavelengths of light; blue, green or red.

人类具有视觉， 这意味着我们的视网膜中有个视锥细胞，每个视锥细胞对同波长的光敏感； 蓝、绿或红。

Cone cells in our eyes detect wavelengths and send signals to the brain, which then interprets them as blue, green, red, etc. Here's the real mind-bender.

我们眼睛中的视锥细胞能够检测光波长，并将信号发送至大脑，大脑随后将这些信号解读为蓝、绿、红等颜。这里有个真正令人费解的现象。

The first is known as photopic vision and it's the one you're using now, it's our daytime  colour vision recorded by our eye's cone cells.

第一种称为明视觉， 正是你现在所使用的，它是我们通过眼睛的锥状细胞记录的日间彩视觉。

Cleo, like most people, has three types of cone cells, each one sensitive to a different part of the spectrum.

克莱奥和大多数人一样， 拥有种视锥细胞，每种细胞对光谱的同部分敏感。

Furthermore, in each eye, there are 100 million rod cells, whereas there are only 6 million cone cells.

此外，每只眼睛中有1亿个杆体细胞，而锥体细胞只有600万个。

Rods can absorb all the colors of visible light, and output a black and white image, whereas three types of cone cells absorb red, green, and blue light, and provide a colored image.

棒状细胞可以吸收可见光的所有颜，并输黑白图像，而种锥状细胞则吸收红、绿、蓝光，并提供彩图像。

When yellow light enters my eye, it stimulates my red and green sensitive cone cells, although not as much as pure red or green light would.

当黄光线进入我的眼睛时，它会刺激我对红和绿敏感的视锥细胞，尽管其刺激程度及纯红或绿光线。

They only have two cone cell types.

它们只有两种视锥细胞类型。